(Registered Under Madhya Pradesh Society Registration Act 1973)
Ballistics is the field that involves the inspection of projectile and firearm’s evidence. It examines the mechanical properties of gunshot, bullets, or any firearm substance that affect in crime to uncover the launching, angle of impact, projectile, type of firearm used, Mexico legal aspect, etc. Ballistics is divided into three sectors are – internal (Travel down the barrel), External (Path through the air), Terminal (path through a target). The investigator has also had a specialized knowledge firearm types, how it used, and chemicals used in a firearm. Firearms have both Characteristics individual and class. The firearm has that individual Characteristic that no two firearms have the same physical structure but do not produce the same marks and class Characteristic firearms that relate to the bullets fired from them include the caliber of the firearm and the rifling pattern contained in the barrel of the firearm.
Ammunition or projectile of firearm is the main component to be fired by pressing the trigger of any firearm. Ammunition contains primer charge, gunpowder, wads and bullet. Priming charge is primary explosive which gets ignited with less friction produced by firing pin by striking on it. Priming charge in turn ignites the gunpowder due to which different gases are produced in the cartridge case pressurizing bullet to come out of the cartridge which then move out of the barrel and hit the target.
Shotgun is one type of the firearm which contains cartridge made up of cardboard. Shotgun cartridge do not contain bullet as their projectile but contains many pellets made up of lead. These pellets are released and get spread when primer charge ignites the gunpowder.
Shotgun is a long- barreled firearm. It is a smooth bore firearm that means it does not have lands and grooves in the inside of barrel due to which these firearms are short ranged. Shotgun have different types of ammunition known as shotgun cartridges which are cylindrical in shape containing many spherical lead pellets.
Firearm cartridges are mainly used in firearm except in shotguns. These cartridges contain bullet which acts as a projectile at the top of. Priming mixture is present in the bottom of the bullet which gets ignited when trigger is pressed and firring pin hits the priming mixture. After ignition of priming mixture, gunpowder gets ignited forcing bullet to come out of the cartridge.
Handguns are the type of firearms which can be handled by single hand. It is mainly used for hunting, shooting targets and personal self-defense. Handguns can be further classified as revolver and pistol. It is pistol type of handgun. In revolver, there is a cylindrical structure present which revolves to refill the barrel with the cartridge.
Shoulder gun needs the support of shoulder to be fired. These are mainly used by military and security personnel. Shotgun is mainly used to injure a person and it leads to major injury. These guns are rifled firearms which contains lands and grooves in the barrel providing gyratory motion to the projectile so that it can hit the target with precision and accuracy.
It is an irritant grenade which contains a mixture of dye and some irritant chemicals. When thrown against someone, it leads to dispersal of irritant chemicals that have some synthetic chills producing irritation in eyes and other sensory organs. Dyes leaves their colour on the clothes or body of the person for better identification. It is thrown by hand upto the range of 40 meters.
These pictures shows different bullets, cartridge cases, shotguns that are retrieved from crime scene as firearm evidences. Each and every bullet and cartridge have different striation marks which makes them unique from each other and helps to find which firearm was exactly used to fire the bullet. These pictures shows firing on cloth. The black powder like substances that are seen are the gunshot residue (GSR) which are present in case of only close shot firing. These can help to identify the range of firing and also the detection of GSR can reveal the type of firearm used.
The bullets and cartridges that we retrieve from the crime scene are compared with the sample fired in the laboratory using the suspected firearm. Then both are placed under comparison microscope and are analyzed to examine the striation marks whether they match or not.
These pictures shows firearm present in the crime scene and also different views of the bullet. The firearm found are closely viewed to detect any fingerprints if present which can reveal the individual who fired. The casing, primer, projectile, and gunpowder are the four primary components of a bullet. Each of these components is essential to the functionality of a bullet. During firing, the firing pin hit the primer leaving a mark which is also unique and helps to detect the firearms by firing sample bullet.
This picture shows a fired cartridge which is bended and has different hitting marks. These hitting marks are present when the bullet is fired from the firearm leaving an individual firearm identification mark.
This picture shows firing on a wall. Due to firing, the plaster and upper coatings are broken. This can help to determine the range of firing and the velocity of the bullet. Also, this type of evidences helps in crime scene reconstruction.
This picture shows the hole in the glass due to firing. It caused primary and secondary fractures in the glass. This hole can help in detection of the direction of the bullet and also in finding the range of the bullet.
With development in forensic science in the past year, there is need for making a collection of data where all the information can be preserved. National Museum of Forensic Science is created while keeping this in mind. It contains information from many cases from different fields of forensic science including forensic chemistry, forensic toxicology, questioned document, forensic ballistics, and many more. This data will help forensic enthusiasts, school students to clear concepts of different sciences and will guide types of evidences found in forensic science.
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
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